Captain Marvel Jr #71 (1949)

Freddy Freeman is getting a free Newsboy trip to see the Palomar Observatory and the 200” Hale Telescope. While looking at the Moon though, he discovers a spaceship flying around and then stealing the whole Observatory off the Palomar Mountains with a very strong tow-cable! A jostled Freddy calls CAPTAIN MARVEL to become Captain Marvel, Jr. while falling out a door and flies after them. He saves two astronomers from it and decides to go find the Palomar Observatory / Hale Telescope, not realizing… it's on the Moon, having been stolen by three evil scientists who have set up shop and didn't want to found out as they aim pinpoint bombs at the Earth. They first test these out by releasing a dummy bomb, which Junior is worried by… until it crashes into the ground and crumples instead of exploding. Junior is able to figure out from its flight path that it came from the Moon via the Wisdom of Solomon and then flies out to the Moon to find that the three scientists are the first men on the Moon, but they did it only so they could conquer Earth due to the hemispherical targeting range from the Moon's surface. Junior tears up their plans, but one of them sets off the bomb anyways, forcing Junior to tear out a special wire to stop them from firing more and going after the speedy orbital missile, flying into it at top speed. Junior figures they do have a salient point about being able to fire missiles at the Earth from the Moon and returns to find the scientists ran off in their rocket-ship, but are still Moonside, planning on just setting up a new base to send out more rocket bombs. To solve the issue, Junior throws their own rocket bombs around the Moon until finding the Moon's tallest mountain in the area, shoves their ship from taking off and then flies them and Palomar Observatory back to Earth. The next day, astronomers notice the rest of the rocket bombs exploding on the lunar surface and later, Freddy is surprised his trip turned into such an adventure!